| 01 | AS/NZS 4041 / 1210 | Pressure piping/vessel standards mandatory for Australian Mining & LNG. | Australia Standards |
| 02 | Alloy 400 / 625 / 825 | High-nickel alloys for extreme corrosion resistance in acidic and high-temp environments. | ASTM B163 / B444 |
| 03 | Annealing (Solution) | Heating to 1050°C+ and quenching to restore Maximum Corrosion Resistance. | ASTM A450 / A1016 |
| 04 | Austenitic (304L/316L/321) | Non-magnetic stainless with high Cr/Ni. Standard for Global Chemical Plants. | ASTM A213 / A312 |
| 05 | Aramco / ADNOC Specs | Specific material and NDT requirements for Saudi & UAE Oil & Gas projects. | GCC Project Specs |
| 06 | Bright Annealing (BA) | Heat treatment in hydrogen to achieve a mirror-like, oxidation-free High-Purity surface. | ASTM A269 / BA Finish |
| 07 | Burst Pressure (BP) | Ultimate pressure at which a tube ruptures. Critical for High-Pressure Safety. | ASME B31.3 / B31.1 |
| 08 | Bending Radius | Minimum radius to bend a tube without kinking. Essential for Instrument Layout. | ASME B31.3 |
| 09 | BWG / SWG Gauge | Standard wire gauges used to define Tube Wall Thickness in heat exchanger specs. | TEMA Standards |
| 10 | Bonding Integrity | Quality of thermal/mechanical contact between fin and base tube for Heat Transfer. | Fin Efficiency Spec |
| 11 | Design Pressure / Temp | Maximum parameters a system is engineered to withstand under Extreme Conditions. | ASME Section VIII |
| 12 | Duplex (UNS S31803) | Dual-phase steel with Double the Strength of 316L and high pitting resistance. | ASTM A789 / A790 |
| 13 | ECT (Eddy Current Test) | 100% online NDT to detect wall flaws, cracks, and surface imperfections. | ASTM E426 / E213 |
| 14 | Extruded Fin (Aluminum) | Fins extruded from base tube for max heat transfer and Corrosion Protection. | ASTM B891 / A1012 |
| 15 | Fins Per Inch (FPI) | Density of fins, directly affecting Thermal Efficiency and air pressure drop. | TEMA Class R/B/C |
| 16 | Ferrite Content (FN) | Amount of ferrite measured to prevent Stress Corrosion Cracking in stainless welds. | AWS A4.2 / Fischer |
| 17 | Flaring & Flattening | Mechanical tests to ensure tube ductility and weld integrity under Forming. | ASTM A450 / A1016 |
| 18 | FPSO / FLNG Tubing | Instrumentation tubing specialized for Offshore Production and storage units. | Marine Standards |
| 19 | Flow Accelerated Corrosion | Corrosion in power plant piping caused by high-velocity water/steam flow. | ASME B31.1 |
| 20 | Fin Density (High/Low) | Variable fin heights to optimize heat exchange in Air Cooled Heat Exchangers. | ACHE Standards |
| 21 | Heat Number | Unique ID for every batch of steel, enabling 100% Material Traceability. | ISO 9001 / MTC |
| 22 | HRSG Tubing | Heat Recovery Steam Generator tubes optimized for Vietnam & Indonesia plants. | ASME Section I |
| 23 | Hydrostatic Testing | Verification of structural integrity at 1.5x Design Pressure using liquid. | ASME B31.3 / A450 |
| 24 | IGC Test (ASTM A262) | Testing to ensure material stability against Grain Boundary Decay. | ASTM A262 (A-E) |
| 25 | Inconel / Monel Alloys | Superalloys for Extreme Heat and highly acidic (Sour Service) environments. | ASME SB163 / SB444 |
| 26 | Instrumentation Tube | High-precision tubing for hydraulic and control systems in Oil & Gas. | ASTM A269 / A213 |
| 27 | JIS G3459 / G3463 | Japanese Industrial Standards. Crucial for Japan & Taiwan engineering firms. | JIS Standards |
| 28 | L-Grade (Low Carbon) | Carbon < 0.03% to prevent Sensitization during welding operations. | ASTM A213 / A312 |
| 29 | L-Foot / LL-Foot Fin | Sirip dibalut pada tiub untuk pemindahan haba sederhana dalam Air Coolers. | API 661 |
| 30 | Line Pipe (API 5L) | Steel pipe for long-distance transport of Oil, Gas, and Water. | API 5L / ISO 3183 |
| 31 | MTC (EN 10204 3.1/3.2) | Official Mill Test Certificate ensuring 100% Material Traceability. | EN 10204 / ISO 10474 |
| 32 | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 | Mandatory for Middle East Sour Gas (H2S) service to prevent cracking. | NACE Compliance |
| 33 | NDT (Non-Destructive) | Testing methods (ECT, UT, RT) that evaluate material without causing damage. | ASME Section V |
| 34 | PMI (Positive Material ID) | On-site XRF analysis to verify exact alloy chemistry before export shipment. | ASTM E1476 |
| 35 | PREN Index ($Cr+3.3Mo+16N$) | Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number. Super Duplex requires PREN > 40. | ASTM G48 |
| 36 | Pneumatic Test | High-pressure air test underwater for Zero Leakage detection in U-bent tubes. | ASME B31.3 |
| 37 | Pilgering (Cold) | High-precision reduction process to achieve superior mechanical properties. | Precision Finish Std |
| 38 | Passivation (Nitric) | Chemical treatment to enhance the Protective Chromium Oxide layer. | ASTM A967 |
| 39 | Pipe Schedule (SCH) | Standardized system for defining Wall Thickness of piping (e.g., SCH 40, 80). | ASME B36.10 / B36.19 |
| 40 | Pickling & Oiling | Acid treatment to remove scale and oiling to prevent rust during storage. | Surface Treatment |
| 41 | Roughness (Ra / Rz) | Surface texture measurement. Ra < 0.5μm for High-Purity systems. | ASME BPE |
| 42 | Seamless (SMLS) | Produced without a weld seam. Ideal for High-Pressure EPC projects. | ASTM A213 / A269 |
| 43 | Sour Service (SSC) | Environments containing H2S, requiring strict Hardness & Chemistry control. | NACE MR0103 |
| 44 | Super Duplex (S32750) | Highest corrosion resistance for Offshore Seawater systems. | ASTM A789 / A928 |
| 45 | TPI (3rd Party Inspection) | Verification by DNV, BV, SGS, or Lloyd's for global EPC buyers. | Project Quality Plan |
| 46 | Tolerance (OD/WT) | Allowable deviation in dimensions. Vital for Compression Fitting. | ASTM A269 / A1016 |
| 47 | U-Bending & Stress Relief | Precision bending for heat exchangers, including post-bend Heat Treatment. | ASTM A556 / B163 |
| 48 | VCI Sea-worthy Packing | Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor packing for safe Ocean Freight to humid ports. | Export Standard |
| 49 | Yield Strength | Titik tegasan apabila ubah bentuk kekal bermula. Penting untuk keselamatan reka bentuk. | ASTM A370 |
| 50 | Zero-Defect Quality | ASEA METAL’s commitment to 100% reliability for Global Infrastructure. | Total Quality Mgmt |
| 51 | Alloy 825 (UNS N08825) | Nickel-iron-chromium alloy with Mo/Cu, specifically for Acidic/Sour Gas wells. | ASTM B163 / B423 |
| 52 | Austenite-Ferrite Balance | The 50/50 phase ratio in Duplex Stainless to ensure optimum strength/corrosion resistance. | ASTM A923 |
| 53 | ASTM A213 vs A269 | A213 is for boiler/superheater (high-temp) while A269 is for general Instrumentation Service. | ASTM Standards |
| 54 | ASME B31.3 (Process Piping) | Kod yang paling meluas digunakan untuk reka bentuk dan ujian paip loji penapisan & kimia. | ASME B31.3 |
| 55 | Carbon Equivalent (CE) | Nilai untuk menentukan kebolehkimpalan keluli dan keperluan pra-pemanasan. | AWS D1.1 |
| 56 | Chloride Pitting | Localized corrosion caused by chloride ions, prevented by high PREN (>40) materials. | ASTM G48 |
| 57 | Creep Resistance | Keupayaan tiub (cth T91, T22) menahan ubah bentuk dalam servis stim suhu tinggi. | ASME Section II |
| 58 | Cold Work (Strain Hardening) | Increasing strength through mechanical deformation, often requiring Annealing to restore ductility. | Manufacturing Std |
| 59 | Density of Fins (FPI) | Fins Per Inch. Critical for calculating the Air-Side Heat Transfer coefficient in ACHE. | API 661 |
| 60 | Design Life (25+ Years) | Jangka hayat perkhidmatan yang direka untuk paip infrastruktur berdasarkan kadar kakisan yang ditetapkan. | Project Design Spec |
| 61 | Electropolishing (EP) | Electrochemical process to achieve ultra-smooth, Contamination-free internal surfaces. | ASME BPE |
| 62 | End Caps (Protection) | Plastic or metal caps used to prevent Debris & Moisture ingress during ocean freight. | Export Standard |
| 63 | FERITCOPE (Ferrite Test) | Non-destructive measurement of Delta Ferrite content in stainless steel welds. | AWS A4.2 |
| 64 | Flare Test | Mengembangkan hujung tiub untuk memeriksa kemuluran & integriti kimpalan tanpa retak. | ASTM A450 / A1016 |
| 65 | Flattening Test | Memampatkan sampel tiub untuk mengesahkan kualiti struktur seamless atau welded. | ASTM A1016 |
| 66 | Full Traceability | Linking every tube to its Heat Number via MTC for 100% accountability in EPC projects. | ISO 9001 / EN 10204 |
| 67 | Galvanic Corrosion | Corrosion occurring when Dissimilar Metals contact in an electrolyte (e.g., Al fins on SS tube). | NACE Corrosion Std |
| 68 | High-Purity Tubing | Ultra-clean tubing (BA/EP) used in Semiconductor & Pharmaceutical utility lines. | SEMI F20 / ASME BPE |
| 69 | ID Roughness (Ra) | Internal surface texture control to minimize Pressure Drop and prevent bacterial growth. | ASME BPE |
| 70 | Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) | Selective attack at grain boundaries, prevented by L-Grade or stabilized stainless (321). | ASTM A262 Practice E |
| 71 | JIS G3459 (Stainless Pipe) | Japanese standard for stainless steel pipes, widely used by Japanese/Taiwanese EPCs. | JIS Standard |
| 72 | Leak Testing (Bubble Test) | Submerging pressurized tubes in water to detect Pin-hole Leaks in U-bent sections. | ASME Section V |
| 73 | L-Foot Fin (Wrap-on) | Standard fin type for Air Cooled Exchangers where base tube protection is required. | API 661 / TEMA |
| 74 | Mill Test Certificate (MTC) | Identiti rasmi bahan yang mendokumenkan semua sifat kimia dan mekanikal. | EN 10204 3.1 |
| 75 | Negative Tolerance | Had yang dibenarkan untuk tiub menjadi under-sized pada ketebalan dinding atau diameter. | ASTM A269 / A450 |
| 76 | Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) | Penamaan standard untuk saiz paip Amerika Utara (cth NPS 1/2, 1, 2). | ASME B36.10 |
| 77 | Offshore Grade (Marine) | High-alloy materials (Duplex/Titanium) resistant to Extreme Sea-salt Corrosion. | DNV / ABS Standards |
| 78 | Oxygen Cleaning | Specialized cleaning to remove hydrocarbons, essential for Oxygen/Medical Gas service. | ASTM G93 |
| 79 | Pitting Resistance (PREN) | Calculation formula: $Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N$. Higher values equal better Seawater Resistance. | ASTM G48 |
| 80 | Positive Material ID (PMI) | Verification of alloy elements using Portable XRF to prevent material mix-ups. | ASTM E1476 |
| 81 | PED 2014/68/EU | Pressure Equipment Directive. Mandatory for European Union pressure projects. | EU Compliance |
| 82 | Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) | Dokumen induk yang mentakrifkan semua langkah pemeriksaan & ujian untuk projek tertentu. | ISO 9001 / EPC Spec |
| 83 | Roughness Average (Ra) | Purata aritmetik puncak/lembah profil permukaan. Ra < 0.8μm ialah standard industri. | ISO 4287 |
| 84 | Schedules (Pipe Wall) | Standardized system (SCH 10, 40, 80) for defining Pipe Wall Thickness. | ASME B36.19 |
| 85 | Sour Service (H2S) | Conditions requiring NACE MR0175 compliance to resist hydrogen-induced cracking. | NACE MR0175 |
| 86 | Stress Relief Annealing | Heat treatment to remove Residual Stresses caused by U-bending or cold drawing. | ASTM A556 / B163 |
| 87 | Third Party Inspection (TPI) | Pengesahan oleh agensi bebas (BV, SGS, DNV, LR) bagi pihak pembeli. | ISO 17020 |
| 88 | Thermal Conductivity | Keupayaan bahan memindahkan haba. Kritikal untuk reka bentuk kecekapan penukar haba. | TEMA Standards |
| 89 | U-Bent Bundle | A set of U-shaped tubes pre-assembled for insertion into a Shell & Tube Exchanger. | TEMA Class R |
| 90 | VCI Packing (Corrosion) | Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor. Essential for ASEAN / Middle East sea shipments. | Export Standard |
| 91 | Wall Thickness (WT) | Dimensi antara OD dan ID. Minimum Wall (MW) berbanding Average Wall (AW). | ASTM A1016 |
| 92 | Weld Map / Weld Log | Detailed records of every weld, welder, and NDT result for Project Accountability. | ASME Section IX |
| 93 | X-Ray Testing (RT) | Radiographic testing to detect Internal Volumetric Flaws in welded pipes. | ASME Section V |
| 94 | Yield Strength (YS) | Tegasan apabila bahan mula mengalami ubah bentuk kekal. Penting untuk pengiraan keselamatan. | ASTM A370 |
| 95 | Zero Defect Quality | ASEA METAL’s commitment to providing 100% Reliable Tubes for global energy. | TQM Policy |
| 96 | Zinc Coating (Galvanizing) | A protective zinc layer applied to Carbon Steel Pipes to prevent atmospheric rust. | ASTM A123 / A153 |
| 97 | Zirconium (Nuclear Grade) | Material with extremely low neutron absorption, used in Nuclear Reactor tubing. | ASTM B523 |
| 98 | ASME Section VIII | The global code for Pressure Vessel design and construction. | ASME Section VIII |
| 99 | Aramco SAMSS Specs | Standard bahan untuk Saudi Aramco, antara yang paling ketat dalam industri Oil & Gas. | Saudi Aramco Spec |
| 100 | Global EPC Partner | ASEA METAL's role as a Strategic Supplier for Tier-1 contractors (Hyundai, Samsung, Chiyoda). | Total Solutions |
